No Data Found
Borassus flabellifer
Lontar, Tar, Palmyra Palm, Sea Coconut
Low Sensitivity
| Species Name | Borassus flabellifer |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Lontar, Tar, Palmyra Palm, Sea Coconut |
| Family | Arecaceae |
| Genus | Borassus |
| Taxonomic Synonyms/Past Names | |
| Taxonomic Notes |
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Species Information
1. Description
- Solitary fan palm up to 30 m tall, c. 90 cm in diameter. The blade is 2.5-3 m wide on stout yellowish green 1.8 m long petiole. The species is dioecious (male and female are as separate individuals). The heavy, roundish fruits are 15-20 cm in diameter. Each fruit has 3 seeds.
2. Tree Size
Large (>15 m)
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Small (4-10 m) (0)
Medium (10-15 m) (0)
Large (>15 m) (1)
Unknown (0)
3. Full Distribution
- Native to the Indian subcontinent and monsoonal Southeast Asia. Ranges from Western India through Indochina to the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Widely cultivated.
4. Habitat and Ecology
- Largely restricted to areas with seasonal rainfall
5. Altitude (in meters)
- Up to 800 m
6. Landscape Type
Blue-green Corridors, Coastal Fronts
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Urban Streets (0)
Blue-green Corridors (1)
Small Urban Green Spaces (0)
Coastal Fronts (1)
Unknown (0)
7. IUCN Conservation Status
Endangered
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Not Evaluated (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (0)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (1)
Critically Endangered (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
8. Malaysian Red List from MyBIS
Not Evaluated
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Not Evaluated (1)
Not Applicable (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (0)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Regionally Extinct (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
9. Are more than 100 individuals available in local nurseries?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
10. How would you characterise the growth rate of this species?
Slow
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Fast (0)
Medium (0)
Slow (1)
Unknown (0)
- It may take 20 years until the first harvest. Borassus flabellifer trees planted at Kepong Botanical Gardens grow at an average rate of 0.3 m per year.
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11. Does this species have an invasive root system?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- It has fibrous roots
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12. Is this species damaging or does it have staining resin or sap?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- It has sweet sap, which is obtained from tapping the inflorescences [1]
13. Does this species produce large and/or staining fruits?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Its black fruits are fibrous, fleshy, broadly ovoid, 15-20 cm in diameter, 1.5-2.5 kg in weight. [1]
14. Does this species produce substances in its bark, leaves, fruits and/or seeds that are poisonous or harmful to humans?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- Humans use various parts of the tree
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15. Does this species have specific lighting requirements?
Full sun
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Full sun (1)
Partial sun & shade (0)
Full shade (0)
Partial shade (0)
Unknown (0)
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16. How would you characterise the air pollution tolerance of this species?
High
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Low (0)
Medium (0)
High (1)
Unknown (0)
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17. How would you characterise the soil pollution tolerance of this species?
High
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Low (0)
Medium (0)
High (1)
Unknown (0)
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18. Does this species have specific soil ph requirements?
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- Can tolerate acidic, neutral and alkaline soils. Prefers very alkaline soils. [1]
19. Does this species have specialised habitat requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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20. Does this species occur/survive in habitats prone to saltwater intrusion?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Common in coastal areas with sandy or alluvial soils. [1]
- Common in coastal areas with sandy or alluvial soils. [2]
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21. Does this species occur/survive at locations that experience high temperatures?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Withstands temperatures as high as 45 ºC. [1]
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22. Can this species tolerate inundation for >1 month?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
- Established trees can tolerate waterlogged soil. Found in paddy fields on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, i.e., Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, and Johor.
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23. Can this species tolerate water absence for >1 month?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
- It is drought tolerant. Specimens at Kepong Botanic Gardens, Selangor, were tolerant of dry spells lasting three weeks and should be able to survive for one month.
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- It is drought tolerant. Specimens at Kepong Botanic Gardens, Selangor, were tolerant of dry spells lasting three weeks and should be able to survive for one month. [1]
24. Can this species tolerate storm conditions (e.g., strong winds)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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25. Does this species have specific humidity requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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26. Is this species highly prone to predation, parasitism, and/or disease?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- Rarely suffers from pests and diseases.
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27. Please provide any additional information for this species in the context of climate change resilience and/or vulnerability.
-
Insufficient Data
28. Does this species have biodiversity value (e.g., provides food or habitat, or increases landscape connectivity for urban fauna)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Its fruits attract wildlife [1]
29. Does this species have cultural value or provide products that are of some use to humans?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Has medicinal uses and provides food: The stem pith has a slightly bitter sago-like substance which is edible, as is the palm heart. The fruits are edible and processed into alcohol. The sap is also drinkable and turned into sugar. [1]
Contributors: anonymous
Last Updated: 2023-03-15
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