No Data Found
Dillenia indica
Elephant Apple, Simpoh Air, Indian Simpoh
| Species Name | Dillenia indica |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Elephant Apple, Simpoh Air, Indian Simpoh |
| Family | Dilleniaceae |
| Genus | Dillenia |
| Taxonomic Synonyms/Past Names | |
| Taxonomic Notes |
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Species Information
1. Description
- Evergreen tree growing up to 25 m tall with stout spreading branches. Leaves 15-30 cm long, narrow, elliptic-oblong, margins serrated. Flowers 15-20 cm across, white with pale orange stamens, solitary, hanging face down at the ends of branches. Fruits 8-10 cm across, spherical, enclosed by thick sepals, bright green ripening yellow-green, not splitting open.
2. Tree Size
Large (>15 m)
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Small (4-10 m) (0)
Medium (10-15 m) (0)
Large (>15 m) (1)
Unknown (0)
3. Full Distribution
- India, Myanmar, South China, Indochina, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, and Java
4. Habitat and Ecology
- Common along streams
5. Altitude (in meters)
- Grows along forest streams and rivers up to 500 m altitude
6. Landscape Type
Blue-green Corridors, Small Urban Green Spaces
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Urban Streets (0)
Blue-green Corridors (1)
Small Urban Green Spaces (1)
Coastal Fronts (0)
Unknown (0)
7. IUCN Conservation Status
Least Concern
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Not Evaluated (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (1)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
8. Malaysian Red List from MyBIS
Not Evaluated
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Not Evaluated (1)
Not Applicable (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (0)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Regionally Extinct (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
9. Are more than 100 individuals available in local nurseries?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
10. How would you characterise the growth rate of this species?
Medium
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Fast (0)
Medium (1)
Slow (0)
Unknown (0)
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11. Does this species have an invasive root system?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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12. Is this species damaging or does it have staining resin or sap?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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13. Does this species produce large and/or staining fruits?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- The aggregate fruits are round, about 10 cm in diameter and with persistent fleshy sepals [1]
14. Does this species produce substances in its bark, leaves, fruits and/or seeds that are poisonous or harmful to humans?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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15. Does this species have specific lighting requirements?
Full sun
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Full sun (1)
Partial sun & shade (0)
Full shade (0)
Partial shade (0)
Unknown (0)
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16. How would you characterise the air pollution tolerance of this species?
Low
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Low (1)
Medium (0)
High (0)
Unknown (0)
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17. How would you characterise the soil pollution tolerance of this species?
Low
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Low (1)
Medium (0)
High (0)
Unknown (0)
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18. Does this species have specific soil ph requirements?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Prefers a pH in the range of 5.5-7.0 [1]
19. Does this species have specialised habitat requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- Occurs in evergreen forests or tropical rainforests, along streams and rivers up to 500 m altitude. [1]
20. Does this species occur/survive in habitats prone to saltwater intrusion?
No Data Found
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21. Does this species occur/survive at locations that experience high temperatures?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Withstands temperatures as high as 47 ºC. [1]
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22. Can this species tolerate inundation for >1 month?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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23. Can this species tolerate water absence for >1 month?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
- Specimens at Forest Research Institute Malaysia and Kepong Botanic Gardens, Selangor, were tolerant of dry spells lasting three weeks and should be able to survive for one month.
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24. Can this species tolerate storm conditions (e.g., strong winds)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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25. Does this species have specific humidity requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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26. Is this species highly prone to predation, parasitism, and/or disease?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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27. Please provide any additional information for this species in the context of climate change resilience and/or vulnerability.
-
Insufficient Data
28. Does this species have biodiversity value (e.g., provides food or habitat, or increases landscape connectivity for urban fauna)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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29. Does this species have cultural value or provide products that are of some use to humans?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- The fruits are edible. The tree has medicinal properties, and parts of it are used to make products. [1]
Contributors: anonymous
Last Updated: 2023-03-15
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