No Data Found
Terminalia catappa
Ketapang, Country Almond, Indian Almond, Sea Almond, False Kamani
Low Sensitivity
| Species Name | Terminalia catappa |
|---|---|
| Common Name | Ketapang, Country Almond, Indian Almond, Sea Almond, False Kamani |
| Family | Combretaceae |
| Genus | Terminalia |
| Taxonomic Synonyms/Past Names | |
| Taxonomic Notes |
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Species Information
1. Description
- Deciduous tree growing up to 25 m tall. Pagoda-shaped when young with whorls of tiered branches. Mature trees with irregular crowns and stout crooked branches. Leaves 12-25 cm long, obovate or elliptic. Flowers tiny, white or pale yellow-green. Both male and female flowers 8-16 cm long in unbranched clusters. Ovoid or ellipsoid fruits 3.5-7 cm long, slightly flattened with a stiff narrow ridge along the edge, green ripening yellow.
2. Tree Size
Large (>15 m)
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Small (4-10 m) (0)
Medium (10-15 m) (0)
Large (>15 m) (1)
Unknown (0)
3. Full Distribution
- India and throughout Southeast Asia to North Australia and Polynesia
4. Habitat and Ecology
- Common along sandy and rocky seashores
5. Altitude (in meters)
- Below 800 m
6. Landscape Type
Blue-green Corridors, Coastal Fronts
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Urban Streets (0)
Blue-green Corridors (1)
Small Urban Green Spaces (0)
Coastal Fronts (1)
Unknown (0)
7. IUCN Conservation Status
Least Concern
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Not Evaluated (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (1)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
8. Malaysian Red List from MyBIS
Not Evaluated
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Not Evaluated (1)
Not Applicable (0)
Data Deficient (0)
Least Concern (0)
Near Threatened (0)
Vulnerable (0)
Endangered (0)
Critically Endangered (0)
Regionally Extinct (0)
Extinct in the Wild (0)
Extinct (0)
Unknown (0)
9. Are more than 100 individuals available in local nurseries?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
10. How would you characterise the growth rate of this species?
Fast
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Fast (1)
Medium (0)
Slow (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Fast-growing in its juvenile stages, about 2 m per year (6.6 ft per year), moderates its speed of growth as it ages. [1]
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- Fast-growing in its juvenile stages, about 2 m per year (6.6 ft per year), moderates its speed of growth as it ages. [2]
11. Does this species have an invasive root system?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- The tree has a spreading, fibrous, near-surface lateral root system. This type of root system can develop in response to high water tables, making the tree prone to windthrow. However, the tree can have deep roots when planted in the sand. The trunk often has buttresses up to 3 m tall, variable, straight to curved, thick to thin, and sometimes branching. [1]
- The tree has a spreading, fibrous, near-surface lateral root system. This type of root system can develop in response to high water tables, making the tree prone to windthrow. However, the tree can have deep roots when planted in the sand. The trunk often has buttresses up to 3 m tall, variable, straight to curved, thick to thin, and sometimes branching. [2]
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12. Is this species damaging or does it have staining resin or sap?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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13. Does this species produce large and/or staining fruits?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- Fruits are 3.5-7 cm long by 2-5.5 cm wide, seeds are edible. [1]
14. Does this species produce substances in its bark, leaves, fruits and/or seeds that are poisonous or harmful to humans?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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15. Does this species have specific lighting requirements?
Full sun
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Full sun (1)
Partial sun & shade (0)
Full shade (0)
Partial shade (0)
Unknown (0)
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16. How would you characterise the air pollution tolerance of this species?
High
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Low (0)
Medium (0)
High (1)
Unknown (0)
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17. How would you characterise the soil pollution tolerance of this species?
High
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Low (0)
Medium (0)
High (1)
Unknown (0)
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- It tolerates base-rich soils. [1]
18. Does this species have specific soil ph requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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- Tolerates acidic, neutral and alkaline soils [1]
19. Does this species have specialised habitat requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
- It is a coastal species and can grow in flooded areas. Similar to T. calamansanai, but even more robust. Suitable for less human-intensive areas.
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20. Does this species occur/survive in habitats prone to saltwater intrusion?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
- Extremely salt-tolerant. Occurs in coastal areas, including along coasts in Malaysia.
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- Extremely salt-tolerant. Occurs in coastal areas, including along coasts in Malaysia. [1]
21. Does this species occur/survive at locations that experience high temperatures?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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22. Can this species tolerate inundation for >1 month?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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- Tolerates saltwater and flooding. [1]
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23. Can this species tolerate water absence for >1 month?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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24. Can this species tolerate storm conditions (e.g., strong winds)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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25. Does this species have specific humidity requirements?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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26. Is this species highly prone to predation, parasitism, and/or disease?
No
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Yes (0)
No (1)
Unknown (0)
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27. Please provide any additional information for this species in the context of climate change resilience and/or vulnerability.
-
Insufficient Data
28. Does this species have biodiversity value (e.g., provides food or habitat, or increases landscape connectivity for urban fauna)?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
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29. Does this species have cultural value or provide products that are of some use to humans?
Yes
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Yes (1)
No (0)
Unknown (0)
No Data Found
- It is one of the most multipurpose trees out of all the tropical woody species. The nuts are edible fresh or dried and salted, while the pulp can be fermented into wine. Parts of the tree can also be used for fodder. The bark, leaves, fruits and other parts are used in various traditional medicines worldwide. The bark is a crucial ingredient in traditional medicine throughout Polynesia. Its wood is a high-quality fuel both as fuelwood and for charcoal production. Traditional wood uses in the South Pacific include canoe hulls and paddles, kava bowls, tool handles, war clubs, walking sticks, drums and fuelwood. The timber is tough, excellent for general-purpose building and has good wood-working properties. It is an ideal tree for inclusion in agroforestry systems due to its fast growth, soil enrichment, and leaf mulching attributes and because it can be made into various products. The leaves have many other uses besides traditional medicine, including increasing fish survival in the live aquarium trade and feeding silkworms. They also yield a dye and tannins. [1]
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Contributors: anonymous
Last Updated: 2023-03-15
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